The resulting transfer function between the input and output is: This is the simplest second-order system - there are no zeroes, just poles.

The poles of this second order system are located at: The poles of the system give us information about how the system responds because the poles encode all of the information about the natural frequency and the damping ratio. The decaying exponential has a time constant equal to: And the damped natural frequency is equal to: The damped natural frequency is typically close to the natural frequency - and is the frequency of thedecaying sinusoid underdamped system.

The system is overdamped. The system is critically damped. The system is underdamped. The system is undamped. Note the following: The vertical location of the pole is the frequency of the oscillations in the response damped natural frequency.

The horizontal location of the pole is the reciprocal of the time constant of the exponential decay. Hence, the farther the pole is to the left in the s-plane, the faster the transient response dies out. See the simulation example above. The time-domain response will not oscillate for more than period.

See below the pole locations are just slightly off. Time-domain Behavior The poles of the system can be written in a slightly different form as: In time domain: Or in Laplace domain: Time domain solution can be easily obtained by using the Inverse Laplace Transform. Reference 1 - MIT contains the time-domain solution to underdamped, overdamped, and critically damped cases.

In short, the time domain solution of an underdamped system is a single-frequency sine function multiplied with a decaying exponential. Over-damped and critically damped systems only have real poles, whereas under-damped systems have complex poles, which results in oscillations in the impulse and step responses.

Note that only under-damped systems are useful for implementing frequency-selective filters, because the pole angles are related to the cut-off frequency, i. So for frequency-selective filters you only consider under-damped systems, and then you can find different categories of under-damped systems according to their behavior in the frequency domain. Sign up to join this community.

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Members of high Assertiveness societies value what you do more than who you are. Members think of others as opportunistic.

In communication, members of high Assertiveness cultures are direct and value expressing true thoughts and feelings. In contrast, high Gender Egalitarianism overlaps with low Assertiveness. These societies view assertiveness as socially unacceptable. Members of low Assertiveness cultures emphasise modesty and tenderness. They associate competition with defeat and punishment. They stress equality and social solidarity. Low Assertiveness cultures value people, warm relationships, and cooperation.

Members care more about who you are than what you do. In these societies, integrity, loyalty, and cooperation are stressed. People think of others as inherently worthy of trust. In the workplace, low Assertiveness cultures emphasise seniority and experience.

Merit pay is destructive to harmony. High Doing Orientated societies believe that people have control over their destiny—anyone can succeed if they try hard enough. A Doing Orientation encourages self-assertion to master, direct, and change the natural and social environment to achieve group or individual goals. Societies with a Doing Orientation stress performance and encourage and reward innovation and excellence. These societies have a monochromatic linear and limited view of time and a high sense of urgency.

High Doing Orientated societies believe that schooling and education are critical for success. They value training and development.

A Being Orientation stresses fitting into the world as it is. Members focus on appreciating and understanding the world rather than trying to change, direct, or exploit it. Important values include world peace, unity with nature, and protecting the environment.

Members of Being Orientated societies have a high regard for quality of life and feel being motivated by money is inappropriate. These societies have a polychromic approach to time unending and circular and a low sense of urgency. Members of high Humane Orientation societies believe that others are important. That concern extends to all people and all nature.

High priority is given to altruism, benevolence, and love. Members are urged to be sensitive to all forms of racial discrimination. The need for belonging and affiliation motivates. Members of high Humane Orientation societies are responsible for promoting the well-being of others. Personal and family relationships offer protection; the close social circle receives material, financial and social support and the state does not provide welfare.

The children of high Humane Orientation societies participate in the labour force to help out their families. Children are expected to be obedient and parents closely control them. Members of low Humane Orientation societies believe the self is important. They feel a predominant concern for self-enhancement and a high priority is given to personal pleasure and comfort. Members of low Humane Orientation societies are less sensitive to racial discrimination and are motivated by power and possessions.

Individual members of low Humane Orientated cultures do not support others. Individuals are expected to solve personal problems on their own and the state rather than friends or family provides economic protection when needed. The children of low Humane Orientation societies do not support their parents in their old age. In these societies, children are autonomous and family members independent.

Members of low Humane Orientation societies report more psychological and pathological problems than members of high Humane Orientation societies. Indulgence orientated societies encourage pleasure-seeking. Members pursue fun activities for the sake of personal enjoyment. In contrast, Restraint societies believe that hedonistic pleasure needs to be curbed and regulated by strict social norms. No cultural group is homogenous: there are individual differences in the thoughts and behaviours of members of every cultural group.

The cut-off point was set to identify prospective typical instantiations, and we noted which behaviors were mentioned 10 times or more by at least five participants in one country. This threshold was selected because it enabled us to consider between 5 and 10 instantiations as candidates in each country. This procedure was not intended to definitively identify the typical instantiations, but to identify a range of instantiations that are potentially typical exemplars.

In the concept mapping approach Lord et al. These were then compared between the nations and considered for future study. Finally, we re-read all responses to ensure that we had not missed any meaning or theme which was not flagged up in the frequency analysis conducted with Iramuteq, which was rarely the case. Because hardly any negations e. Indian participants used more negations, which itself is an interesting finding, reflecting the fact that they seemed to focus more on what a value does not mean.

However, we do not consider this to be an issue for the analysis, because such occurrences were still rare and they appear to have been used to express the same points as if the affirmative had been used. The Brazilian instantiations were first identified by a native speaker and then translated by an experienced translator Portuguese native speaker , who ensured that the meaning was correctly translated.

Therefore, these responses are not informative and are not discussed further. The frequencies of these words are nevertheless listed in the Supplementary Materials. All authors contributed to the data analysis and interpretation: The Brazilian data were analyzed and interpreted by the Brazilian authors of this paper and the authors based in the United Kingdom. The Indian data were analyzed and interpreted by the Indian authors of this paper and the authors based in the United Kingdom.

The British data were analyzed and interpreted by the authors based in the United Kingdom. The responses of the Brazilian participants for each value were on average nearly twice as long as the responses from Indian and British participants see Table 2. The number of words mentioned at least 10 times barely differed between the Brazilian and the British sample.

Detailed analyses for each value can be found in the Supplementary Materials. There we list how often the most common instantiations of each country were mentioned and by how many participants. If culture shapes how values are instantiated, people in each country should have a common understanding of values. This approach also allowed us to focus on larger effects, thus reducing the probability of a Type-I error.

TABLE 3. Finally, we looked for similar instantiations in different values across all samples. In the descriptive analyses above and the Supplementary Materials, it is easy to discern a number of instances in which participants in one nation used the same example for a different value than was used in another nation.

To illustrate this diversity with only the relatively frequent examples, we list here four words which were mentioned at least 10 times for different value types. New was relevant for ambition self-enhancement and daring, varied life, creativity, broad-mindedness openness and self-transcendence ; support was relevant for family security conservation as well as loyalty self-transcendence ; and work was relevant for success and ambition self-enhancement and creativity openness.

Some other examples of overlap were found in the Brazilian sample. In particular, typical instantiations of wealth in this sample often focused on a good family life, thereby overlapping wealth with family security. In addition, Brazilian participants understood social power more as social responsibility. This was done because the quality of the responses of the Indian participants was overall low. This finding was surprising because some of the authors of this paper have successfully conducted multiple quantitative studies with student samples from the same departments of the Indian university with overall reliable results.

This suggests that the English proficiency of most students might have been adequate for quantitative research, but not for qualitative research. Of importance, these instantiations were produced spontaneously as examples of the values. If they are valid examples of the values, then these spontaneously produced exemplars should be correctly regarded as value instantiations; that is, when presented with an exemplar, people should be able to identify the value that elicited it.

More importantly, we wanted to establish whether the examples would be seen as valid even in a country in which they had not been frequently generated.

Should this be the case, it would indicate that the nations differ primarily with respect to the nature of the spontaneously produced examples, but not with respect to whether the examples are regarded as valid and therefore defining of the value. In other words, such a finding would show that the concrete examples of values that spontaneously come to mind in the mental representations differ between countries, but that the abstract meaning of the values is similar enough that even examples that do not spontaneously come to mind are seen as valid instances of a given value.

The aim of Study 2 was therefore to test whether instantiations can be reliably matched to the values from which they were derived. They were not compensated. They received course credits in exchange for their participation. Prior to data analysis, 42 non-British participants were excluded, to be consistent with the homogeneous Brazilian sample. One-hundred thirty-eight instantiations were chosen to be matched to values, six for each of the 23 values. The instantiations were chosen mainly based on the results of Study 1, but also for exploratory purposes.

The instantiations used were a priori categorized as either typical i. The latter group were instantiations that we generated for exploratory purposes, based on their perceived relevance to the present research and also based on previous studies.

They were used when there were fewer than six instantiations that seemed suitable in the first three categories. Thus, we expected that this atypical example would be recognized as an instantiation of equality by British participants and also, presumably, by Brazilian participants. The instantiations selected from Study 1 were chosen based on the frequency with which they were mentioned in each country, while balancing the instantiations that were mentioned in both countries with those mentioned in only one country but not the other.

The fourth instantiation was frequently mentioned by participants in both countries, and the sixth instantiation was added for exploratory purposes. A list of all in the United Kingdom instantiations can be found in the Supplementary Table S70, including the values they were derived from and whether they were mentioned by participants in both countries, just one country, or were added by us.

Within the six instantiations of one value, both the order and the alternatives were kept constant. The five alternative values were kept constant across both countries. All participants then completed further scales, unrelated to the present study. On average, each instantiation was matched with values by 71 Brazilian and 41 British respondents.

Brazilian participants completed a paper version of the survey in classroom settings of 10 to 40 people. British participants completed the survey online. To reduce fatigue, each participant completed only one-sixth of the items, with each participant responding to one instantiation per value. To perform the principal analyses, we first counted how often each value was identified as being promoted by an instantiation, separately for each country see Supplementary Table S This is a conservative approach, which partly takes the research design multiple choice and the influence of the response alternatives into account.

Overall, in both countries, most instantiations were correctly matched with the value from which they were derived see Supplementary Table S Of the in the United Kingdom instantiations, 94 were correctly matched by the Brazilian participants and by the British participants. This difference 94 vs. For another 12 instantiations, no value was chosen significantly more often than the second most frequent value in both countries.

In the Brazilian sample, the number of participants who chose protecting the environment differed significantly from the number of participants who chose the second-most frequently chosen value, helpfulness 54 vs.

Overall, Brazilian participants correctly matched five out of the six instantiations for protecting the environment, and British participants correctly matched all six instantiations to protecting the environment.

As can be seen in Table 4 , participants from both countries were approximately equally likely to match instantiations that had been mentioned in both countries columns 3 and 8 , mentioned more frequently in Brazil, and also the exploratory instantiations. Brazilian participants had somewhat more difficulty in matching British instantiations, compared to their British counterparts 34 vs. TABLE 4. Frequencies of correctly matched instantiations for all values combined and depending on the origin of the instantiation.

In a final step, we computed how often differences occurred based on the taxonomy proposed in Study 1, while taking the unequal sample sizes into account. We compared all values that were mentioned by at least half the participants in one country with the percentage of participants choosing the same value in the other country.

Fifty percent was chosen as a cut-off value because it allowed us to focus on larger effects while reducing the probability of a Type-I error. The aim of this research was to explore whether value instantiations vary across countries, despite there being similarities in values at an abstract level Fischer and Schwartz, We first discuss the implications and limitations of Study 1, before turning to Study 2.

In Study 1, we explored concrete examples i. This design enabled us to test the hypothesis that on a concrete level values differ between countries. However, only a few differences were found. There was large individual variability in the responses within countries, which made it difficult to detect differences between countries. People usually do not think about their values or discuss them with others in order to arrive at a shared understanding of the meaning of values. If, for example, students were to discuss whether freedom is important, they would presumably develop a more shared understanding of this value.

This variation in responses within and between countries has further implications relating to possible misunderstandings both within and perhaps especially between countries. If a Brazilian, an Indian, and a British person were to talk about the importance of protecting the environment, they might easily talk past each other, because it is quite likely that they would have somewhat different understandings of it.

For example, the Briton might conceive of protecting the environment as entailing the reduction of carbon emissions, whereas the Brazilian and Indian individuals might be thinking of putting rubbish into a bin. This implication is consistent with research in law and political sciences. One conclusion from Study 1 is therefore that debate and discussion would be more constructive, and behavioral change interventions more effective if they linked the abstract values being considered to more concrete exemplars.

Linking actions to abstract values carries a prescriptive, motivational impetus, which can predict behavior independently of attitudes, norms, and other constructs often used to predict behavior Schwartz and Tessler, ; Maio and Olson, By making the connections of values to an action explicit, people can reason through their relevant attitudes and intentions to achieve better fit with their values. Such an approach could be used to support intervention programs, which have to deal with the fact that several behaviors are closely linked to values.

For example, protecting the environment is usually considered to be an important value Schwartz and Bardi, , but can be linked to a variety of behaviors. Nonetheless, some of these behaviors are more damaging to the environment than others. For example, it may be more beneficial to alert participants to the fact that avoiding short distance flights or installing good heat insulation are effective ways of protecting the environment, rather than simply reminding people that environmental protection is important.

Most people already agree that this value is important, and they might imagine that engaging in less impactful behaviors e. Highlighting important behaviors about the value should help to change their perceived typicality with respect to the value and the motivational impetus attached to these actions.

This finding is in line with our casual observation of the regions in Brazil and India from where the data were collected: the streets and roadside ditches in Brazil were much cleaner than those in India. Other meaningful differences across countries were related to contextual differences. This refers to a social system that does not exist in Brazil and the United Kingdom, although prejudice based on social class is somewhat similar. These examples show that the examples provided by participants depended to some degree on the social and physical environment in which they live.

Another aim of Study 1 was to identify instantiations that are more frequent in one country than another, to select these for further confirmatory studies. For example, the presence of the same examples in relation to different values is a complicating factor.

There were many instances of the same context being referenced for different values. In some instances, the same example was used for motivationally similar values, but countries varied with respect to which value generated the example e. This pattern suggests that small shifts in understanding the meaning of the values may affect which examples are given.

Our approach can be generalized to other psychological constructs, such as goals Grouzet et al. The importance of instantiations is especially relevant to measures that require participants to respond to single-word items, such as the markers of the Big-5 traits Goldberg, ; Saucier, because they are not embedded in a context or defined, thus increasing the likelihood that the adjectives are differently instantiated.

However, participants across different groups might instantiate these adjectives differently. Future research could therefore investigate whether differences in how these adjectives are instantiated can account for potential failures to replicate the five-factor model of personality in some countries McCrae et al.

Further, as outlined above for values, knowing the trait instantiations might help to predict the trait-behavior link. For instance, prior research has identified Blacks and women as two groups that are often used to instantiate the value of lack of equality in the United Kingdom Maio et al. However, these groups were mentioned in Brazil, but not in the United Kingdom. Conversational norms apply to the information that participants might choose to identify, and one important norm is not offering information already mutually understood one of the Gricean maxims; Grice, This might sometimes cause people to neglect to report common instantiations that are not salient.

That is, treating students or job applicants equally is something that would directly affect the British participants, whereas equal treatment of Black people does not bearing in mind that most of the British participants were Caucasian.

Although these observations are speculative, they show that open-ended measures of concept mapping, as used here and in past research, are likely to be unreliable as sole measures of the typicality of an exemplar.

Another issue is that although some of the observed differences in instantiations are clearly explicable in terms of contextual factors, others are more difficult to explain. Water conservation is an aspect of daily life in the region where this research was conducted Karnataka , making it highly relevant to the residents.

However, they did not spontaneously think of this behavior in relation to environmental protection. This may be a case where an instantiation is taken for granted, making it less salient to respondents Gricean maxims; Grice, Alternatively, it may be the case that water conservation is seen as a basic necessity rather than a way to protect the environment.

As a result, Indian participants may have perceived water shortage as a personal challenge rather than a challenge to the environment. A further limitation pertains to the samples used. Because most participants were students in specific regions of each nation, generalizing to the population of each country should be done with caution cf.

Hanel and Vione, For example, Brazilians mentioned passing entrance exams for prestigious jobs as an instantiation. However, it is less likely that people who are close to retirement would also regard this as an instantiation for success.

Further, although the instantiations are in general not in line with typical gender stereotypes, similar limitations may pertain to the large proportion of female participants in all samples. Finally, the answers in the Indian data were more heterogeneous i. Most of the Indian participants did not have English as a first language, although English was the language of instruction both in school and at university.

As a result, English proficiency varied substantially between participants. Another possible explanation for the difficulties we had in parsing the Indian responses is that Indian participants used a line of thought that was too unique for us to follow.

This is sometimes a problem in anthropological research Barley, Our 'What's on your mind? This can help if: you want to embrace cultural differences you want to learn how to understand cultural differences you want to learn how to talk to people from different backgrounds.

Why is cultural awareness important? Ways to build cultural understanding and awareness It can be very easy to stick with what you know, rather than try to meet people who are different from you. Do your own research Learning about different cultures can be a great way to develop an understanding of cultural diversity.

Talk to someone from a different cultural background Try and get to know someone from a different cultural background better. Think beyond stereotypes One of the biggest difficulties to overcome in understanding cultural differences is making judgements based on one opinion.

Everyone is unique The main thing to remember is that everyone, no matter what their cultural background, has their own unique opinions, habits and ways of life. What can I do now? Learn how you can stand up to racism and support people from different cultural backgrounds. Check out some of our ways to celebrate Harmony Day. Work on your self-awareness. Explore other topics It's not always easy to find the right place to start.

The timeline to licensing includes education, examination and experience. Please visit the certification section of this Web site for more information about the Examination process. This is not a license to practice. There are other educational and professional work experience requirements for licensure that vary from state to state. Our certification section offers more details on these requirements.

Once you have obtained your CPA license to practice, you will need to take continuing professional education courses annually to retain your license. To keep pace with new developments in business and technology, a majority of states require credit hours of education at an accredited college or university as a prerequisite to CPA certification. Here's a question about education that comes up again and again: "Do I need my Master's degree?

To begin a successful career in accounting, you will need to develop a wide array of knowledge, skills and competencies, ranging from a strong understanding of accounting and business concepts to effective leadership and communication skills. You will also need to have a broad business perspective, which will enable you to "see the big picture" of the internal and external factors that impact how a business operates.

Technology will also be a major enabler throughout your career, so it's critical to stay abreast of and utilize new computer applications and systems as necessary. Playing an active role in your education, such as taking a hard look at the courses you enroll in and what extracurricular activities you get involved in, helps to position you for a long and successful career. It's important to recognize that the learning doesn't end in school; it's really just the beginning of your lifetime commitment to continual education and development.

All of the skills and competencies listed below are considered important to success. A more comprehensive description of the competencies can be found within the Accounting Education Center. Problem-solving, analytical and research skills - You should be able to analyze, compare and interpret facts and figures.

The ability to identify and solve unstructured problems in an unfamiliar setting and provide insightful consulting advice is a valued quality.

Creative thinking will help you face issues on a daily basis and generate innovative solutions. Personal skills - Accounting is a service activity, and you will have to work well in teams as well as in one-on-one situations.

Critical to any organization's success is the ability to lead, motivate and empower teams to attain clear, concrete, timely and measurable results. Strong communication skills including the ability to be a good listener - You will be called upon to persuasively present, discuss and defend your views both formally and informally, in writing and verbally.

Change, transformation, foresight. What will it take to help organizations move beyond the new reality? Explore fresh opportunities in technology, strategy, leadership and more at this virtual event for audit committees and board members. Why become a CPA? Become a CPA: Unlimited opportunities. Become a CPA: Be a recognized leader. The CPA certification program. Commodity tax symposium Conquering the CPA Exam and obtaining the CPA license allows individuals to stand out to potential employers, who are often impressed with accountants who earn this highly coveted title.

Earning a CPA license demonstrates a commitment to the profession and often highlights potential candidates for leadership and management positions. A CPA license is also necessary for those who desire higher levels of authority and responsibility.

One reason for increased demand for CPAs is that in the s, there was a dip in accounting students when the Internet boomed and students chose to pursue jobs in IT and marketing. Also, the Sarbanes-Oxley act passed in and this act increased the need for qualified CPAs to enforce higher standards of public corporate accounting. Finally, Baby Boomers are retiring and leaving a tremendous gap in the market, which is also felt in the academic world as more and more accounting professors retire.

CPAs are typically multi-talented professionals who perform a mix of highly-specialized job functions including auditing, business and management consulting, information technology IT , international financial reporting and tax advisory services, to name a few.

Especially with the Millennial generation of CPAs, the accounting profession offers these individuals unique advantages in giving back to society , which they greatly value. Also, with the spread of globalization, the environment of accounting is changing.

They may work for dedicated accounting firms, as freelancers or small business owners, or for accounting departments at corporations or government agencies. Many CPAs eventually move beyond public accounting to pursue a broad spectrum of positions informed by and related to their original passion for accounting. Many pursue lucrative jobs in financial management.

It is not uncommon for CPAs to ascend to such prestigious positions as a chief financial officer or chief operating officer. No matter which job titles they pursue, however, these professionals remain heavily influenced by their previous education and work as CPAs. That being said, many accountants who lack certification still manage to secure satisfying and even lucrative work in their field of choice.

To become certified as CPAs, accountants must pass a rigorous exam. Furthermore, they must complete all coursework and training initiatives mandated in the state in which they intend to serve. Qualifications for licensure can vary dramatically from one jurisdiction to the next, so it is critical that CPAs craft their academic journey based on where and in what capacity they expect to work.

That being said, while most CPAs are licensed in just one or two states, some maintain licensure in a variety of jurisdictions. To prepare for tough exams, aspiring CPAs typically enroll in graduate-level degree programs to gain the knowledge and the educational hours required to take the test. A Master of Science in Accounting , for example, provides the high-level skills and knowledge needed to pass challenging tests and find success in this demanding career field.

CPA positions may look dramatically different based on a variety of factors. While many CPAs work for accounting firms or departments within large corporations, some set out on their own in hopes of launching businesses or serving as consultants. The industry also plays an important role. A CPA employed in, for example, investment banking may hold significantly different responsibilities than an accountant who primarily assists small business owners.

Nicholls, who has been in his current role for 10 years, said the Fort McMurray Public School District has never imposed a costume ban before.

He said parents and teachers will revisit the issue next year to decide if the ban should stay in place indefinitely. With files from the Calgary Eyeopener. Calgary No more clowning around: Creepy costumes banned at Fort McMurray public schools The move comes in the wake of the creepy clown trend where people dress in costumes and lurk in public spaces.

Social Sharing. McAndrew, for one, chalks it up to human nature. Write to Megan McCluskey at megan. Here's What Psychologists Say. By Megan McCluskey. Joaquin Phoenix as Arthur Fleck in 'Joker'. Related Stories. In Montclair, New Jersey, the interim superintendent, Ron Bolandi, penned a similar memo to parents:. I am asking for your cooperation in not allowing your children to dress up as clowns at any school event due to the possible disruption and fear it may cause.

If anyone shows up with a clown related costume, they will be asked to change or sent home. Photos from the event did not reveal any creepy clowns, although they did show a terrifyingly cute Oompa Loompa outfit. This article includes content provided by Facebook. We ask for your permission before anything is loaded, as they may be using cookies and other technologies.

To view this content, click 'Allow and continue'. In Kemper County, Mississippi, local authorities went a step further, creating a county ordinance to make it illegal to appear in clown costume, mask or makeup until 1 November.

Why would they? Simply put: There is scant medical evidence that a chiropractor is your best treatment option for A doctor is not a doctor is not a doctor. A recent Wisconsin bill proposed that schools would have to allow exams performed by chiropractors to fulfill sports physical requirements.

This seems bad, so I asked some medical doctors for their thoughts on chiropractic. Bishara, a pediatric cardiologist in Louisiana, doubted if a chiropractor could spot issues that typically take years of traditional medical training to identify.

Clay Jones, pediatrician in Newton, Massachusetts, agreed. Nothing has been better for the doctors who want to spread the word of chiropractic and separate you from your money than social media. On Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and maybe even Tinder, these friendly and blandly attractive chiropractors dole out health advice that appeals to people who tend to trust the medical professional with the appearance of being smart. Those loyal to their chiropractors might say that the practitioners who rule the social media landscape are a misrepresentation of the field, but when it comes down to it, there's no difference between a chiropractor who peddles pseudoscience on Facebook and one who works in an office — they're both accredited as doctors of chiropratic.

How hippocratic. Another chiropractor of social media, Eric Berg , spews his own special kind of bullshit.

There must be something seriously wrong with you. A review study published in the journal BMC Endocrine Disorders found that no evidence that supports the existence of the condition described as adrenal fatigue. Oh yes, DeMoss is a huge proponent of childhood and infant chiropractic. Immediate results in children often include a decrease in allergies, a reduction in sleeping disorders, and less hyperactivity. All this just from… cracking the undeveloped skeleton of fragile humans.

When a person who compares clouds to the holocaust also thinks something is good for your child, you should absolutely trust him, right? How many third-graders do you know complain about chronic lower back pain? Probably not many. What about congenital back problems? Scoliosis, maybe? Perhaps chiropractic treatment could be appropriate for them — at least according to many chiropractors.

The old belief that chiropractic care can treat scoliosis or work as a complement to pediatric care is bullshit. Chiropractors like Billy DeMoss have been avidly expanding their reach to children and even infants, claiming that adjustments can treat ear infections, runny noses, and even bed wetting.

Chris, having trawled through a myriad of health websites trying to find a solution to my 2 years chronic Achilles Tendinopathy I came across yours, what a relief to find a site with so much information regarding my condition and how to help recover.

Hi Paul! You mean eccentric heal drops right? Just gradually increase load. Listen to body. Be smart. Make sure your body can handle the stressed you put on it. No chiropractor had fixed it save for the first month after the adjustment. SICK of it! I think my issue started when i skipped the last two stairs going down the stairwell. I landed hard on my right foot and later felt tingling in my left. I went to a chiropractor who fixed it but my hip always reverts back to pain.

It can be okay for awhile but then it goes through pain phases. It hurts just walking and especially waking up in the morning. Accessibility View Close toolbar.

Don't forget to look through Gulph Mills Chiropractic Center's older blog articles for more compelling facts and stories of interest! Why do people say Chiropractic didn't work for them? Locations Find us on the map. Contact Information GulphMillsChiro gmail. Office Hours Our Regular Schedule. Monday am - pm pm - pm. Tuesday am - pm pm - pm. So what did Simon say that upset chiropractors so much? Nevertheless, Simon appealed and the case became a public relations disaster for the BCA.

A science writer should be able to comment on genuine concerns on an important public health issue such as correct treatment for children without the threat and expense of British High Court libel claims.

The cost of an opinion about a controversial health care issue should not be ruinous. In the words of Frank Frizelle writing about this very issue :. There is one other noteworthy chiropractic legal case: Wilks vs. Previously, AMA rules made it officially unethical for medical doctors to associate or refer patients to chiropractors. Wilk, DC, and four co-plaintiffs.

After many years of appeals, the case ultimately concluded with a ruling against the AMA, specifically finding them guilty of prevent physicians from referring patients to chiropractors violating Section 1, but not Section 2, of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The AMA nows permits medical doctors to refer patients to chiropractors. Did you find this article useful? I am a science writer in Vancouver, Canada.

Full bio. See you on Facebook or Twitter , or subscribe:. More info. This is a painstakingly prepared list. My daring plan was to make this the best such list I could find, which I assumed would be difficult or impossible. Surely there are excellent compilations of this sort already? Not that my own effort here is perfect or complete, of course, but I did really work hard on it — many, many hours.

You can really sink oodles of time into wrangling not only a bunch of links, but all the reading required to describe them well. I originally wrote it with great earnestsness for ScienceBasedMedicine. Of course, ScienceBasedMedicine.

Seven updates have been logged for this article since publication All PainScience. Like good footnotes, this sets PainScience. Although footnotes are more useful , the update logs are important. I log any change to articles that might be of interest to a keen reader. Complete update logging of all noteworthy improvements to all articles started in Prior to that, I only logged major updates for the most popular and controversial articles.

This is one of my oldest articles, with origins in the early s and revised and updated many times since, but without logging the changes. Update logging was erratic on PainScience. I started logging all updates consistently in Mar 17, — Added citation to a new survey of chiropractic students showing that anti-scientific subluxationism continues to substantially define the profession around the world.

Also, the whole article got a proofreading for the first time in quite a while, correcting a few minor errors. Samuel Homola, Doctor of Chiropractic, is a second-generation chiropractor who has dedicated himself to defining the proper limits on chiropractic and to educating consumers and professionals about the field. He is hardly the only critic of his own profession, but he is probably the most famous and widely read. His book, Bonesetting, Chiropractic, and Cultism , supported the appropriate use of spinal manipulation to treat some spinal pain but renounced the common chiropractic dogma that spinal adjustment is a panacea.

I am pleased to know Dr. Barrett a little bit myself, having exchanged several notes with him over the years, and spoken with him at some length on the phone on one occasion.

In addition to founding the prominent websites QuackWatch and Chirobase , Dr. Barrett operates 23 websites in all; edits Consumer Health Digest a weekly electronic newsletter ; is medical editor of Prometheus Books; and has been a peer-review panelist for several top medical journals. He has written more than 2, articles and delivered more than talks at colleges, universities, medical schools, and professional meetings.

His dozens of books include The Health Robbers: A close look at quackery in america and seven editions of the college textbook Consumer Health: A guide to intelligent decisions. Note that nearly everything Dr. In particular, it is not true that he lost his medical license. That in itself would be career enough for me, but Dr. Novella is almost frighteningly productive above and beyond his professional duties at Yale.

Edzard Ernst is the most prominent apostate and critic of alternative medicine. He has also published more than a thousand articles in the peer-reviewed medical literature, and is the founder of two scientific journals.

At 16 years of age, Catherine won gold at the Auckland Commonwealth Games as part of the 4xm relay team, and at the Barcelona Olympics she became the first Aboriginal track and field athlete to represent Australia at an Olympic Games. In she won double gold at the Victoria Commonwealth Games in the m In Melbourne , she became the first Australian woman to run under 50 seconds for the m. Then at the Atlanta Olympic Games, she became the sixth fastest woman ever over m, running a Commonwealth record and winning silver After Atlanta, Freeman won back to back World Championships in the m in Eleven nights later she fulfilled a mission that had absorbed her life: she won the m final The weight of expectations she carried into that race was enormous.

Press ESC to cancel. Popular articles. Esther Fleming October 17, Table of Contents. Previous Article Why were States called laboratories of democracy? Next Article How many islands nations are around Africa? Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should be aware that this website contains images, voices and names of deceased persons. Cathy Freeman was born in Mackay Queensland on 16 February, Cathy became involved in athletics at a very young age.

At fourteen, Cathy told her vocational officer that her only career goal was to win an Olympic medal. By then, she had already won national titles in high jump, and the , and metre sprints.

She won her first gold medal in the 4 by metre relay at the Commonwealth Games when she was just sixteen years old. At the , Commonwealth Games Cathy caused controversy by carrying the Aboriginal flag as well as the Australian national flag during her victory lap of the metres sprint.

Ihav2fart I considered that, but combined with some other things he did, I got the impression he had more experience than he claimed. If a guy has trouble unhooking your bra what do you think?

Are you turned off? Share Facebook. Girls what do you think if a guy can't unhook your bra? Add Opinion. Honestly, it should be easier for the guy because he doesn't have to reach behind himself. I have never "met" a bra that gave me more trouble than it gave her. And if you are worried about one that is tricky, carry scissors.

Is this still revelant? Can we just tear it in half lol? SammyGurl 1. My guy still can't unhook my bra too well, oh well! Most guys just don't know the tricks. Like pull bra down, turn hooks around to the front, unhook!

Oops now all the guys know our secret, sorry girls No big deal, i actually prefer to do it myself while strattling my boyfriend so he gets a nice show. Sometimes i pin down his arms with my legs and put my girls in his face, he loves it.

Azara Guru. I ask him a question and he replies to THEM. Where do they get these guys? Is this Uganda? I am going to post a note about such chaps on my wall. By experts, I mean the internet—that if you tend to fumble when opening a bra, what you should do is go to a shop and buy one and study it. Practice until you are a star at it. Then you can call kyana and ask her if she is busy tonight.

These same steps can be followed when you are unhooking a bra with one hand while the person is facing you ie. Pinch both sides together. You will need to do this with your pointer finger, middle finger, and your thumb. Imagine that you are picking a shirt up with just your thumb and first two fingers.

Pinch the bra clasp in the same way. This will free the hooks from the eyelets. It may help to wedge your fingers if right-handed or thumb if left-handed in front of the eyelets to keep them stationary while you remove the hooks.

Method 4. Put your arms behind your back, reaching from the bottom up. Once they are off, rotate the bra so that the clasp is in the front. Push both straps in towards one another like they are kissing. Doing this relieves the tension that causes the straps to stay connected. Slide the strap with the hooks outwards.

Keep the strap with the eyelets stationary. Doing this will release the hooks from the eyelets. Method 5. Locate the clasp. It should be in between the two cups of the bra. Generally clasps are plastic or metal pieces where one side fits down into the other side. When the clasp is flattened, it snaps in place and locks together. Place one hand on each side of the clasp. Lift the edges of the bra up and toward you so that the clasp unlocks. You should see the two metal or plastic pieces unsnap.

Pull one side of the clasp up and the other side down. Bras vary on which side of the clasp will go up and which will go down.

If you find resistance when you pull one side up, try the other side. The two pieces should come apart so that the bra can be taken off. I'm just so confused, how can guys do that one-handed? I'm a girl and I can't even do that! All you have to do is take off the hand of the bra and then make sure the hook side is facing you, then you can see how to unhook it.

If you want to learn the normal way, while you're wearing the bra take your two hands to the back and pull on the side closest to the hook and just pretend like you are unclipping something.

Because they don't put it on and take it off every day like us. SarahsSummer 10K opinions shared on Sexuality topic. They should take lessons from my boyfriend. Lol one hand reach around and snap, gone. Lol I struggle with thinking about the practice he got. Have you ever tried to trip him up by wearing a bra with a front closure? Show All Show Less. Inexperience, a desire to not pinch or hurt her during removal, and a too-tight band are the most common reasons.

We don't wear them, so we don't have a lot of practice removing them. TonyRyanAgain 4K opinions shared on Sexuality topic. Haven't struggled with bras since I was like, teenager. My friends and I mastered "the snap", lol. CancerianMan81 94 opinions shared on Sexuality topic. Xper 6. I don't have that problem with taking a girl's bra off.

Related myTakes. Show All. The Many Many Mes. I'm done with intelligence. A sign you should not ignore when praying for your husband or wife. Most Helpful Opinion mho Rate. Learn more.

Theoretically, this means that you own the copyright, and no one may copy, distribute, display or make adaptations of the work without your permission.

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Vethan Law's guide to the Fair Labor Standards Act Our new guide provides a simplified overview of the FLSA with definitions of terms and details regarding employee exemptions in an easy-to-read format.

Subscribe to our blog. Request Consultation. Charles M. Our Firm News Video Resources. Attorneys Charles M. Vethan Joseph L. All rights reserved. In conclusion, copyright protection is available for many types of works, so long as the works meet the statutory requirements of 1 being fixed in a tangible medium of expression, 2 originality, and 3 possessing a modicum of creativity.

Copyright protection can last for a very long time, and obtaining copyright registration for photographs, drawings, software codes, business plans, etc. Businesses need to be conscious of the statute of limitations when filing a claim of copyright infringement, and they should also be aware of any potential defenses that may be raised, such as fair use. Skip to main content. New Articles. Mitchell and F. Delaney and Kristina M.

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Share this: Twitter Facebook Pinterest Email. Like this: Like Loading Homeschooling parents are not required to inform their school district that they are withdrawing a child to be homeschooled, need not show any proof that they are educating their children, and cannot be reported to social services for educational neglect.

HB would require homeschooling parents to provide their local school district with the name and age of each child being homeschooled, along with the address of the parent or guardian. Homeschooling parents would also need to ensure that each homeschooled child meets twice a year with a mandatory reporter such as doctor, teacher, or member of the clergy, and maintain signed records of these meetings, making them available upon request.

When teaching at her local community college, Blair found that many of her students were lacking in basic foundational science upon entering college. She began working with her own son and his friends on methods of teaching science concepts usually reserved for high school or college students. She lives in California with her husband, son, many dogs, and several guinea pigs. When not homeschooling her son and writing textbooks, she loves to ski, cook most chemists are good cooks , read, and hike.

She went to Swarthmore College in the Philadelphia area, where she thought she was going to be a research biology major. After almost setting fire to her chemistry lab and mistaking a fake plastic owl for a real one, Lisa realized that a career in lab science was not for her, and probably dangerous for everyone else. Grudgingly, she took a history course her junior year and was immediately hooked for life.

In , she married her college sweetheart, and together they have four children, who have been homeschooled. Lisa has been an adjunct college professor since , creating courses and teaching in history departments for several institutions both live and online.

Lisa had also been a high school literature and history teacher at an inner-city, classically based academy. You can learn more about the courses Lisa offers for older students and contact her directly through her website, www.

Physics 1. Dahlia Schwartz has been interested in physics since her family acquired a cheap telescope when she was a child. A few degrees, decades, and careers later, Dahlia started homeschooling her two children. She now helps to run a homeschool co-op where she has had a wonderful time developing science classes that encourage kids to think outside the usual box, such as a world-building class in which students create their own planet, from the big bang to the development of language, culture, and technology, learning about subjects such as physics, chemistry, biology, linguistics, and anthropology.

Dahlia lives in Michigan and enjoys teaching, reading, complex origami, playing guitar and, when the Michigan weather permits, taking out her newer, bigger telescope to marvel at the universe.

Dahlia writes science books for every child who has been curious about the world around us, and especially her own children, Aliana and Itamar, who taught her that even young children are capable of comprehending precise and complex scientific ideas. Thanks to them, she has discovered that true wonder and excitement about science springs from being exposed to the deep questions that science asks and to the ideas that are often, mistakenly, reserved for advanced science classes.

Lindsey Sodano is a writer, editor, and mom of three who lives in Mason, Ohio.

Call it tree puberty. As it grows from the inside, its outer layers expand, and it sheds its old bark to make way for the new. The bark on a young tree is generally smooth and flexible and can withstand the inner growth without much effect. Old bark, however, is dry and has lost much of its elasticity, causing it to crack and split as the tree grows. This is something that will vary by tree and location — sometimes sunlight can exasperate the situation. Note that the need to exfoliate can be brought on by disease, drought, or insect damage.

Credit: Kaarina Dillabough. If you have peeling that is all over the tree or just goes extremely deep, the unfortunate reality is that the worst may have happened: your tree is either about to die or has already died.

For many trees, the peeling bark is a cry for help, according to the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. If you catch it in time, you will be able to save the tree with professional intervention.

Whatever you do, do not overlook peeling skin on your trees. EconoTree is proud to be a division of Bartlett Tree Experts, and our staff now has the backing of an international tree-care company and tree research laboratory to help continue providing excellent tree service and shrub care in the Redwood City, Ca region.

View a complete list of professional tree services offered by Bartlett. Bark acts as a protective coating for your trees, sort of like how our skin acts for humans. If your trees have bark that is splitting or falling off, there is certainly something wrong.

But what? Knowing how to read your trees can be a bit like learning how to read a foreign language. It is bittersweet, but the bark falling off your trees can actually help you to identify a problem that may have gone undetected previously. Need some help determining the problem?

Here are five possible reasons the bark is falling off of your trees:. Credit: quattrostagioni. One of the biggest reasons that we see bark peeling from a tree are the effects from the environment.

Everything from the extreme cold to the extreme heat can make your trees start to peel. When peeling bark on trees is limited to the south or southwest side of the tree and bare wood is exposed, the problem may be sunscald [sic] or frost damage. This type of shedding affects the health and lifespan of the tree, and wider areas of exposed wood make it more likely that the tree will die. A key action you can take is avoiding any surplus or drought of water for your trees.

Moreover, be mindful of your trees whenever there are any sudden temperature changes. Many tree bugs , such as the emerald ash borer or ants, can cause your tree to start peeling off. This instance is most common with pine trees since they are most susceptible to pine beetles. If bugs continue to develop and generate damage to your trees, it will eventually start presenting other symptoms. This can eventually lead to the demise of your tree. Remove a piece of loose bark and examine if there are any insect eggs beneath it.

Another sign that your tree might count on larvae is if birds start appearing more often near your tree. The reason behind this is because birds love to prey on these small insects.

Moreover, when it comes to common causes bark fall off trees, we have environmental stress. Whenever there are extreme temperatures in the area, your tree can suffer from this event. A tree grows by forming a new layer of fibrous tissues deep within its core. As it grows from the inside, its outer layers expand, and it sheds its old bark to make way for the new.

The bark on a young tree is generally smooth and flexible and can withstand the inner growth without much effect. Old bark, however, is dry and has lost much of its elasticity, causing it to crack and split as the tree grows. Certain species of trees, such as white or paper birch, shed their bark in curled strips that expose the inner layer, called the cambrium, to the elements. In a healthy birch tree, the exposed layer heals quickly; but in a tree weakened by forces such as disease, prolonged drought or insect damage, exposed tissue provides easy access for more problems that may threaten its existence.

Certain fungal diseases developing just beneath a tree's outer bark cause it to fall off in bits or larger pieces often seen on the ground at its base.

During the halftime ceremony of that game she was honored for her contributions to the Auburn community and the conservation mission of the university. Malkoff's commitment to this project has special significance. He studied architecture at Auburn and was a walk-on linebacker under coach Pat Dye.

This Malkoff limited edition print is signed and numbered by the artist and is lithographed on museum quality Strathmore paper. Each print comes with a certificate of authenticity. For Tiger - War Eagle, artist Stephen Malkoff designed the carved tree bark wooden frame and the triple matting in traditional school colors to complement this print. According to witnesses, the eagle suddenly broke free and began majestically circling the playing field.

As the eagle soared, Auburn began a steady march toward the Georgia end zone for a thrilling victory. Elated at their team's play and taking the bird's presence as an omen of success, Auburn students and fans began to yell "War Eagle" to spur on their team. At the game's end, the eagle took a sudden dive, crashed into the ground, and died. But the battle cry "War Eagle" lived on to become a symbol of the proud Auburn spirit. The contest with the Carlisle Indians provides another story. The toughest player on the Indians' team was a tackle named Bald Eagle.

While the true origin story is up for debate, there are a few well-known campus legends. The most popular story revolves around a Civil War veteran in the stands of a game in He arrived with an eagle on his shoulder, one he found on the battlefield and kept as a pet for 30 years.

The eagle suddenly broke free and circled the field as Auburn began to take the lead over Georgia. A second legend begins in , when Auburn was up against the Carlisle Indians.

The most popular story about the battle cry dates back to the first time Auburn met Georgia on the football field in and centers around a spectator who was a veteran of the Civil War. In the stands with him that day was an eagle the old soldier had found on a battlefield during the war. He had kept it as a pet for almost 30 years. According to witnesses, the eagle suddenly broke free and began majestically circling the playing field.

As the eagle soared, Auburn began a steady march toward the Georgia end zone for a thrilling victory. Elated at their team's play and taking the bird's presence as an omen of success, Auburn students and fans began to yell "War Eagle" to spur on their team. At the game's end, the eagle took a sudden dive, crashed into the ground, and died.

Join us on Twitter and Facebook. Tune in to watch an execution? More Videos The death penalty in America Story highlights Austin Sarat: Arkansas is having trouble finding witnesses to all its planned executions -- what if a solution were to televise them? Televising executions forces us to consider the meaning and significance of the public's own instinct to turn away when the state takes a human life, he writes. So serious is this problem that the director of the Arkansas Department of Correction, Wendy Kelley, has tried to solicit volunteers.

According to the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette , she made a personal plea in a speech to the Little Rock Rotary Club to take on this unusual civic role. So if you are interested in serving in that area, in this serious role, just call my office. This problem is itself a symptom of the troubling secrecy of what is in fact a public event.

One solution to the problem is all too telling: television broadcasts of executions. I oppose the death penalty and if televised executions bring it to an end sooner than would otherwise happen, that would be great. But even if executions go on indefinitely, there's a strong argument to be made for televising them.

Austin Sarat. Whether televised or not, executions are always public by their very nature. The death of a condemned person is in no sense just his own death; it is a killing carried out in our name. The seemingly bureaucratic act of a few state officials is our deed as well. Hiding the deed does not change this fact. McVeigh himself has said he wants his execution broadcast, which has fueled arguments by those who believe it should not be televised. McVeigh lawyer Rob Nigh Jr.

Attorney General John Ashcroft ruled last month that 10 relatives of victims of the Oklahoma City bombing would be allowed to view McVeigh's execution firsthand, while another would be given the chance to see it on closed circuit television.

But he said there would be no wider public viewing. Anti-death penalty activist Sister Helen Prejean called for the event to be aired, saying that is the best way to put an end to executions. But some opponents of the death penalty, such as Amaju Baraka of Amnesty International, say their opposition to capital punishment does not allow them to condone even one execution — even if public viewing of the event would galvanize opposition.

Supporters of capital punishment are equally divided, between those who maintain that widespread viewing of executions would increase the effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime and help heal the emotional wounds of the family of a killer's victims, and those who feel the public is already exposed to too much fictional death in movies and television without being offered the real thing.

Executions in the United States have been held behind closed doors since the s, with only a small number of witnesses allowed. Members of the media allowed to attend have been denied the right to record the event in any way — tape recorders, video cameras and even pens, pencils and notebooks are not allowed. Opponents of the death penalty, and even some scholars who say they are at least academically neutral on the matter, say there is a contradiction in the policy.

There is, for example, a stark difference between the images of the hanging of Saddam Hussein that were screened by mainstream western broadcasters and the images available online, and a similar distinction applies in the case of film of hostage murders released by terrorist organisations. And when, last year, Chinese state TV broadcast a special programme featuring the final hours of drug traffickers who had been condemned to death, the actual moment of death was not shown, possibly due to international protests when the nature of the programme became known.

There is one morbid sequence in Executed, in which a prison historian walks and talks us through the procedure for a hanging, but these moments seem designed to illustrate a barbarism that should never be resumed.

Chris Malone's documentary, timed to mark this week's 50th anniversary of the final state executions in most of the UK capital punishment remained in force in Northern Ireland until , visits the elderly relatives of a succession of those, including Derek Bentley and Timothy Evans, who were killed for crimes that they had not committed.

Even five or six decades on, the descendants of the executed still weep when they recall the final morning. One of the incidental details in Executed is that hangings generally took place at 9am. If television had gone in the direction that some feared, it would have been 9pm to hit peak time.

But, thankfully, what we have ended up with in that slot in is an intelligent documentary that, while acknowledging some public hunger for the restoration of capital punishment, shows why, apart from any moral argument, the risk of irredeemable mistakes makes the practice untenable.

From anatomy to execution: the problems of portraying death on TV.