This decreases the size of the chest and increases the air pressure in the chest so air is forced out of the lungs. During exercise, this passive process of relaxation becomes active as the abdominal muscles pull the ribs downwards and inwards even further. Gaseous exchange occurs at the alveoli in the lungs and takes place by diffusion. The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries so oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries.
Diffusion is the movement of gas from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. There is a high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli and a low concentration of oxygen in the blood, so oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.
There is a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and a low concentration in the alveoli, so carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli. Both oxygen and carbon dioxide are capable of combining with an iron-rich protein in the blood called haemoglobin.
Haemoglobin carries oxygen to be exchanged at the working muscle and carbon dioxide to be exchanged at the lung. Capillaries surround the alveoli in the lungs. Both the capillaries and alveoli walls are very thin - just one cell thick. They are made of semi-permeable membranes which allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through them.
Describe the process of gaseous exchange at the muscles. This happens in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli. Here you see red blood cells traveling through the capillaries. The walls of the alveoli share a membrane with the capillaries. That's how close they are. This lets oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse, or move freely, between the respiratory system and the bloodstream.
Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, which travel back to the heart. At the same time, the carbon dioxide molecules in the alveoli are blown out of the body the next time a person exhales. Gas exchange allows the body to replenish the oxygen and eliminate the carbon dioxide.
Doing both is necessary for survival. The normal aging process can slow down your respiratory system. You may notice that your lung capacity is lessened, or that your chest muscles are weaker. Read more about growing older and your lung health. Use an air cleaner or purifier at work or at home to reduce indoor dust and fumes.
On days when the air quality index AQI is at an unhealthy range, keep your exposure minimal by keeping doors and windows closed and circulating air inside. You can also check out blogs for people trying to quit. The respiratory system with its millions of alveoli is a complex machine. We just breathe in and out in the normal course of our day.
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