The next several sections will focus on what these three differences actually mean in practice, and how your photography style will be impacted. At the end, we'll also discuss some of the other more minor differences between the two camera types.
Some budget SLR cameras may also have fixed lenses, and some high-end compact style cameras can have sensors that are nearly as large as an SLR — but each is the exception rather than the rule.
However, this deserves mentioning up-front: SLR cameras are usually MUCH more expensive than compact cameras — mostly as a consequence of the above three differences we'll discuss why later.
Also, unlike with compact cameras, purchasing an SLR camera is only part of the cost; you may have to buy additional lenses, an external flash and other accessories. These can even end up costing more than the camera itself. Unlike compact cameras, with an SLR camera what you're seeing through the viewfinder is the same light that will reach your camera's sensor when you press the shutter button:. With an SLR, when you press the shutter button, the mirror flips up and the light that was formerly being re-routed to your eye instead gets sent straight to the camera sensor.
Move your mouse over the buttons above to see how this works. The flipping up of the mirror is also what makes the characteristic clicking or snapping sound that we've come to associate with SLR cameras.
With a compact camera, the viewfinder mechanism instead just tries to estimate what light will reach the sensor, so it's potentially less accurate. Compact cameras may also use what's called an electronic viewfinder EVF , which attempts to re-create what an SLR viewfinder would see — but by instead using the electronic image from the sensor.
Note: The above behavior is in fact why they're called "Single Lens Reflex" SLR cameras — because the same lens is used to produce the image in the viewfinder as is used to capture that image at the sensor, and the mirror reflects light to the viewfinder "reflex" referred to the reflection in German.
However, this terminology can be a little confusing, because SLR cameras are the type of camera that can use more than just a "single lens" — not compact cameras. While there are many new digital SLR models that are more portable and are easier to travel with the addition of a lens to your camera ensures that you'll never be able to stow it away in your shirt pocket or purse.
If you'd like the higher image quality of a digital SLR but don't want a huge heavy camera, then consider a mirrorless DSLR - they're more the size of compacts but capture DSLR-like photos and you can change lenses. Prior to , digital SLRs with video did not exist. Digital SLR cameras could only take stills, and many people were suprised that these big expensive cameras could not capture video clips like their tiny compact cousins.
But the one thing that really sets DSLR video apart from compact video is the ability to change lenses. Since you can change lenses on your DSLR, you can capture videos that look more like movies: extreme wide-angle shots, close-ups and backgrounds thrown nicely out of focus can all be achieved with a digital SLR.
This explains why many small independent film companies now use DSLRs as their camera of choice. Compared to the price of a high-end digital video camera, a DSLR is pretty cheap. In full auto, you are allowing the camera to take control of focusing, ISO settings, aperture diameter and all other necessary functions. In this sense the DSLR works much like a standard digital camera. The digital camera is much easier to use simply because it has far fewer options and functions to learn.
The issue is that while a DSLR can function in this way, it is absolutely not the best investment to make if you plan on just shooting in full auto. DSLR cameras are often significantly more expensive than point and shoot cameras.
If you wish to learn how to actually utilize all the features of your DSLR to get maximum return on your investment, then it will require a lot of research and work on your side. Since most consumer-level point and shoot cameras are not equipped with an apparatus allowing for manual focus, they are reliant upon auto focus. The auto focus on most consumer cameras is very sluggish, and this creates a lag time between when the shutter button is pressed and when the actual photo is captured.
By contrast, a DSLR camera with a lens set to manual focus will take the photo the instant you press the shutter button. This lower lag-time means you lose fewer shots to the time delay caused by a sluggish auto focus. A DSLR allows you to attach different lenses to the front of the camera, whereas a point and shoot camera does not.
With a point and shoot camera, you are limited by the lens that is built into the camera itself. This severely limits your ability to get wider shots, high-quality macro shots, and extreme depth of field for portraits. If the lens is not of high quality, you may also experience intense chromatic aberrations in your images under bright light. With a DSLR, you can swap out lenses for different creative needs. The control this provides you as a photographer is immeasurable.
Film SLRs have advantages and can be far more durable and resistant to extreme environments. They require much less care and batteries last for years.
Some do not even need batteries to operate, although you loose metering and autofocus obviously. They are not prone to sensor-dust or film-dust because a new frame is used for each shot. Advances mean that image quality greatly favors digital cameras which now have over 14 stops of dynamic-range and reach stellar ISO sensitivities as high as , With resolutions reaching 36 MP too, they can capture a tremendous amount of details.
Of course, with a film camera, it depends on the film used and the resolution is actually not a uniform grid, so highlights get more resolution and shadows less. What this means is that composition of the scene, focusing, and actually recording the image are all done trough the same lens. The word reflex relates to the way a mirror is used to view the scene and focus it through the viewfinder or a focusing arrray and the way it is flipped up out of the way fractions of a second before the image is recorded.
An SLR may use either film or a digital sensor as the recording medium. There are also some mirrorless and translucent mirrored interchangeable lens digital cameras that can be used much like a DSLR. The translucent mirrors do not move. Instead they only reflect a fraction of the light to the viewfinder and the rest is allowed to pass through to the lens.
Most mirrorless interchangeable lens cameras use the main image sensor for composing the scene and focusing as well as recording the image. Many still have some form of mechanical shutters, many others do not.
Digital Sensors and Film are two distinct recording mediums which both display unique characteristics when recording an image.
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