He studied at University of Heidelberg for his medical degree and graduated in from there. He started his academic career at the University of Freiberg as a P. He initiated a psychology laboratory at the University of Freiberg as well. Then, he began publishing research papers on various topics comprising of learning, perception, memory and attention processes. He got promoted to the designation of assistant professor at the University of Freiberg in He attended of the first international congress of psychology in the same year where he met the famous American psychologist, William James.
William James invited him to Harvard University to serve as a chair of psychology for a term of three years. After graduating from the Gymnasium of Danzig in , he enrolled at the University of Leipzig. He earned his Ph. The book was criticized by Wundt, as well as psychologist Edward Titchener , who wrote, "Dr. Due to his poor English-speaking skills at the time, he generally remained in the lab and published his work in German.
He declined the offer and chose to instead return to Europe. Two years later, he returned to Harvard, where he continued to work for the rest of his life. In , he was elected president of the American Psychological Association. His support for Germany during World War I made him the focus of considerable criticism, both in the press and among other faculty members at Harvard. His paper titled "Psychology and the Market" suggested that psychology could be used for a variety of industrial applications, including management, vocational decisions, advertising, job performance, and employee motivation.
His research was later summarized in his book Psychology and Industrial Efficiency , which suggested that hiring workers who had personalities and mental abilities best suited to certain types of work was the best way to increase motivation, performance, and retention. His book On the Witness Stand detailed how psychological factors can influence the outcome of a trial.
In the book, he discussed problems with eyewitness testimony, false confessions, and interrogations. While his influence on psychology is without question, his views on women are frequently criticized.
While he believed that women should receive a higher education, he felt that graduate studies were too difficult and demanding. He also suggested women should not be allowed to serve on juries because they were " His role as a self-appointed spokesman for Germany during the First World War made him a target of disdain among many and perhaps explains why his important legacy was dismissed and neglected for many years.
His mother Anna was an artist who continued working while taking care of his four sons. It was this artistic environment that influenced the development of his psychological theories. He joined the University of Leipzig in where he met Wilhelm Wundt who influenced him to join the Psychology laboratory. He received a Ph. He also passed an examination that enabled him to lecture as a privatdocet at Freisburg.
In the same year he married Selma Oppler of Strasbourg on August 7. He earned his medical degree from the University of Heidelberg in His lectures during this period were primarily on philosophy. The work he did in his makeshift lab soon began to attract students from all over Germany and international students from foreign countries. In , he published a volume titled Activity of the Will. The volume attracted much criticism from psychologists Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener.
The men kept in touch with each other over the next couple years. As a result, he spent most of his time in the psychology lab and published his research in German. However, he learned the English language very quickly and became very popular with the psychology students at the university. He did such an excellent job as a lecturer and an administrator that he was offered a permanent position at Harvard.
However, he returned to Harvard as a full professor in when he did not obtain the teaching position he desired in Freiburg. He was elected president of the American Psychological Association in and elected president of the American Philosophical Association in In , he was asked to serve as an exchange professor from Harvard to the University of Berlin.
However, as World War I approached, his pro-German stance was viewed with increasing suspicion by people in America. He was severely criticized by the scientific community for openly supporting German policies and was even suspected of being a German spy.
However, his outspokenness led to his receiving death threats and many of his colleagues at Harvard eventually distanced themselves from him. Munsterberg agreed with the concept of psychophysical parallelism. Psychophysical parallelism is a dualist theory that states that the mind and the body function in parallel or move in harmony but they do not directly interact or cause changes in each other. Munsterberg believed that physical actions always correlate perfectly with specific processes in the brain.
Much of his early research on perception, attention, learning, and memory was centered on psychophysical parallelism. He wanted psychology to be viewed broadly and psychological techniques to be widely applicable in the service of humanity. Applied psychology aims to solve problems in human behavior. Problems that may be addressed with applied psychology include work issues, education issues, and health issues.
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